Able Corporation's Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Able Corporation's Strategy - Essay Example On the other hand, it should implement new technology for the main product line. For an â€Å"ill patient†, high spirit and motivation are the main driven forces which help to recover. The case study shows that â€Å"as a result of years of declining sales and layoffs, a culture of pessimism and failure exists†. The belief system approach will help increase mutual understanding between managers and employees, encouraged and improved two-way communication, and resulted in better working relationships. Improved organizational culture and morale will help sales and branch managers to ease stress and tension at work and convert troubled relationships into more productive ones. At a time when employee morale and job satisfaction would be expected to increase, and employees be expected to feel better about their organization than they did before the change took place and more confident in the abilities of their managers to lead them. The new communication patterns should be d esigned to measure overall levels of job satisfaction also showed major gains. Just as the negative emotions associated poor organizational performance can often go undetected and unaddressed, the motivation and performance problems that cause them frequently remain hidden and unresolved. This strategy is chosen because without good morale and positive atmosphere Able Corporation will not be able to implement new processes and technology, introduce new methods of management and production. Declining sales also triggered intense feelings of anxiety and inadequacy. To achieve greater efficiencies, new methods and procedures have to be developed to replace established work practices, but this meant that some people have to learn their job all over again or master an entirely new position (Armstrong 2001). The main problem is that most employees lack clear expectations. Previous management, tended to issue broad-brush directives regarding organizational change, without going into detail about how they should be carried out. Some of subordinates saw this as a lack of clear expectations. Improved corporate morale and culture will improve teamwork significantly, not just up and down the chain of command, but horizontally as well. And because managers and their direct reports are beginning to understand each other better, conflicts, both real and potential, are able to be resolved at lower levels, before they become entrenched (Chase, Jacobs 2003). This is not to say that every motivation and performance problem can be solved quickly and easily. Some solutions that employees propose may not be available to managers, especially during times of change. If an employee is dissatisfied with his job because his workload has suddenly increased, a manager can hire additional help (when budgets permit) or eliminate certain requirements may provide an easy solution. The proposed strategy will help to prepare employees to the second step and reduce their resistance to change (Armstrong 2001). The second strategy is a technological change. When morale and spirit of an "ill patient" is high, it is possible to 'make the first step'. This strategy is crucial because "plants are so old and have been so badly maintained that some investment must be made in them just in order to remain in business at all". Organizational actions should be involved in the change of a particular technology which takes place simultaneously in multiple environments. In the same spirit, experimentation as a problem-solving activity can take place across organizational units or even across organizational boundaries. This suggests that experimentation, as organizational action, has a double meaning in the development of technology. In addition to viewing technological cha

Reasons Why Cloning is Unethical Essay Example for Free

Reasons Why Cloning is Unethical Essay From the day that ‘Dolly the sheep’ made it to the headline news, the controversy regarding her existence has never ceased. It is quite amazing, how the issues surrounding a sheep could create such a great divide on public opinion, stir up much debate in scientific halls, and whose implications caused a dilemma that reached a magnitude which needed a presidential decision. Needless to say, the debate did not concern agriculture or animal rights, but on how she came to be by cloning. Contrary to popular belief, these clinical ventures though, were not done by sheer sense of adventurism, or by simple acts of human arrogance of ‘playing God’. Instead, this breakthrough in the field of biotechnology, along with other related cases, was carried out with the legitimate purpose of propagating livestock that carry desirable traits. Breeders can easily then raise farm animals that have the preferred traits and thus increase productivity and yield. Also, lab research for the noble intention of developing drugs, require numerous testing on animals before it can finally be declared effective and safe for human use. Cloning would allow them to produce test-animals that display similar or identical characteristics and thus help validate results. There are several other reasons why cloning is held by many scientists as an essential means for improving human condition. However, such so-called conditions had now been raised to the point of fulfilling needs other than physical necessities. Man’s many woes and flaws in life such as the pain of losing a loved one or childless couples having to bear the unfulfilled desire of loving and rearing their own children, are just a few of the many disadvantages that confronts finite man. Today through science, man is longing to challenge and ‘correct’ these impossible odds. Would cloning be the answer? II. Man’s Contemporary Alternative: Merits of Cloning-to Produce-Children Distinguished British philosopher Mary Warnock, expressed her support in favour of utilizing the technology of cloning to produce children. She believes that there is nothing wrong with this procedure and thereby there should be no question on the ethical soundness of such an endeavour (Connor, 2002). Together with the rest of those who agree with her, they believe that cloning offers an excellent solution for the following problems: A. To Help Sterile Parent/s Obtain Biologically Related Children Individuals or parents who long to have their own offspring, but are hindered by sterility or some other reason the only presented solution so far have been adoption. There are different reasons why some had found this unsatisfactory. With cloning, a sterile man can now have the opportunity of producing a child that bears his own characteristics. The need to find a sperm donor is eliminated, and consequently eliminates the possibility of their child acquiring and passing on undesirable traits to future generation outside the couple. Such a method also opens for an attractive possibility not only for sterile couples but for homosexual couples and individuals who desire to raise a child of their own but do not want the entanglements of a marriage union. B. Pass-on a Genetic Disease Individuals or parents who carry defective genes such as a genetic disease can now hope to eliminate passing the disease to the following generations. Cloning would assure the parents of being able to raise children who will not be troubled by the heritable disorder. C. Pain of Losing a Loved One The grief of losing a loved one can now be alleviated by cloning the dying or dead significant person. Since cloning involves the passing on of exact physical characteristics, producing a cloned individual would invariably cause ‘replication’ of the deceased loved one or relative. Those who are left, will be comforted by ‘seeing’ their dead spouse, child or relative ‘live again’ on the cloned individual. Although, there would be major differences in experiences which would make it entirely impossible to make an exact copy of an individual in all aspects, cloning would bring a connection of the lost loved one with the grieving members. D. Society’s Desire to Have Individuals with Superior Abilities or Qualities Cloning brings families and societies to have super-human individuals by cloning outstanding athletes, musicians, men and women renowned for their beauty, or geniuses. By replicating these individuals, it is presumed that these superior qualities are determined by certain genetic make-up and thus, will be passed on through cloning. III. Reasons for Argument Cloning violates the ethics of human experimentation on the following grounds: A. Concern on Safety Of utmost concern when cloning humans is the high risk involved. As of the moment, the cloning procedure being done in experimenting mammals has shown how unsafe it is to be even applied in humans. Many embryos got wasted as it took 277 attempts before finally producing Dolly the sheep (Gawler, 2000). Barely just being six years old later, Dolly became severely ill and had to be submitted for euthanasia. Careful examination revealed that her chromosomes had shown premature signs of aging (â€Å"Cloning†). The possibility of creating inborn abnormalities or congenital defects caused by the procedure should even bring parents with a hereditary disease not to employ cloning. While it could hold promise of not passing on genetic diseases to their child, the latter is also vulnerable for congenital malformation. Also, since several donor eggs and substitute mothers are needed before achieving success, this places risks on several women. Experiments on animals had shown that there is high occurrence of premature abortion on cloned fetuses. If done on humans, continous abortion could lead to greater possibility of maternal death. B. The Issue of Consent Cloning also undermines the right of the cloned individual. In contrast to the risks that could bring to surrogate mother or the gene donor, the risks posed at the cloned individual do not have the individual’s consent. Most often, the right to exercise freedom is often called by those who promote it. This is often based on the ‘freedom to reproduce’. This means that the constitution protects individuals or parents to freely choose whether they are to have children or not (Eisenstadt v. Baird, 1972). However, in exercising that right, it overrides the freedom of choice on the cloned individual. True, reproductive freedom permits anybody to decide whether to have a child or not without hindrances by the government. It does not however, in any way, allow anyone to do it by whatever means and in complete disregard for the welfare of others. C. Possible Exploitation of Women Since cloning requires numerous tests before any attempts could become fruitful, large quantity of donor eggs will be needed. Getting the egg would subject the woman donor of hormonal treatment that gives high health risks. Furthermore, what would most likely happen is that these women donors would be offered a substantial amount of money, and thus could lure poor women to compromise their health in exchange for financial gain (Council on Bioethics, 2002). IV. Conclusion More often, the concern for safety is limited on the aspect of limiting or perfecting the procedure. It does not consider the possible undesirable effects it would have after it is accomplished. This perspective of safety does not take consideration on the unexpected effects it would have on the individual, family involved and society in general. The relationships between members of those with cloned children would greatly be altered compared to conventional family set-up. Would the cloned individual of a father be his child or twin? Obviously, cloning will rearrange how family relations will be treated. Before any attempts to cloning-to-produce children be done, would be parent/s should give grave concern on the potential psychological effects this would have on the one being cloned. What also needs special consideration is it’s the social impact caused by confusion. Cloning might open for unnecessary expensive legal battles, over custody as to who really are the child’s parents. Each individual who has a part of the cloned child might fight to claim for custody over the child. Given that such asexual means to produce children is not strange, faulty or imperfect, there is serious error on the purpose by which it longs for implementation. It places more significance on the one which will be cloned by replicating the person, rather than the cloned child. Human experience has revealed that man has the tendency to abuse, and therefore such technology can be used for vain reasons. Cloning somehow claims to provide solutions for man’s problems, the solution however, creates more problems. Given the demerits of the cause, it would far benefit society to keep from toying with strange methods. Works Cited: 1. Connor, S. (2002). Warnock: ‘No ethical reason to ban cloning’. The Independent. Retrieved 20 Nov. 2008 Accessed at http://www. independent. co. uk/news/uk/crime/warnock-no-ethical-reason-to-ban- cloning-649619. html 2. Gawler, DM. Human cloning: Scientific, ethical and regulatory issues. [Electronic Version] Retrieved 20 Nov. 2008 Accessed at http://www. aph. gov. au/house/committe/LACA/humancloning/sub234. pdf 3. â€Å"Cloning†. Ethical Issues in Biology. Retrieved 20 Nov. 2008 Accessed at http://itech. pjc. edu/jwooters/eth_issue/ei_notes. htm 4. Supreme Court of the United States (1972). , Eisenstadt v. Baird, 405 US 438 5. Council on Bioethics. (2002). Human cloning and human dignity: An ethical inquiry. Retrieved 20 Nov. 2008. Accessed at http://www. bioethics. gov/reports/cloningreport/children. htmlhttp://www. bioethics. gov/reports/cloningreport/children. html

Justice and Hope for the Forgotten :: Papers

Justice and Hope for the Forgotten The Amos Trust finds its calling in the words of the 8th Century Hebrew Prophet Amos 'But let justice roll down like waters and righteousness like an ever flowing stream' (Amos chapter 5 vrs 24). Founded by singer and songwriter Rev Garth Hewitt (Priest In Charge of All Hallow's on the Wall, in the city of London) in 1985, the organisation is committed to 'justice and hope for the forgotten' and seeks to encourage and support the oppressed and those living in forgotten situations. It also aims to inspire and motivate others around the world through hosting events, and through story and song. Amos' theology has been sharpened by its links with partners and friends around the world as part of a developing international community dedicated to justice and peace. The organisation has specific partnerships with six communities, in South Africa, Nicaragua, Palestine-Israel, Uganda, The Philippines and Honduruas. Alongside these partnerships Amos is actively involved in campaigning for human rights. Amos Trust gives direct financial support to two initiatives in Palestine - Israel, (reflecting directly its name- sake's concerns for the Holy Land, albeit 2800 or so years later). The Al Ahli Arab Hospital in Gaza, founded by the Christian Mission Society (CMS) in 1882 is a front line hospital that plays a huge role in the provision of general medical and surgical care and in prevention of illness and disability to all people in the Gaza strip. During the first intifada Al Alhi was the only hospital non-Israeli hospital run by Palestinians in Gaza working with the community. The hospital's work is invaluable, providing medical outreach clinics in areas of Gaza where each village is under separate siege (due to being close to an Israeli settlement) with entry of all supplies, medications, people and merchandise requiring permits. Ahli has also been designated by the Ministry of Health as the first line recipient for overflow of casualties after the Ministry's own hospital. The Emergency Response Team is trained to react to a call for assistance

Hypocritical America Essay

Hypocrisy is an act of condemning another person’s act without realizing one’s own characteristic towards being guilty of the same aspect of correspondence. (Wikipedia, 2007). Most of the time, this form of behavior to whom it is associated to is subject to be attributed to the environmental factor while the acts of an observed individual is interpreted to be an innate characteristic of doing wrongful acts. In modern times, hypocrisy is also well identified. Apparently, the world also finds America to be guilty of such hypocritical acts. Why does the world seem to single out America on hypocrisy? Basically, it seems that the international community is very aware how the country responds to the different elemental factors happening in the world. Let us see some good examples. We can begin in the aspect of building arms and military might. It is very obvious that each country should at least have a form of security measures in order to protect it from external intrusions. Thus, weapons should be fabricated and acquired by any nation who wishes to protect them. However, America apparently keeps on monitoring the entire world’s activities and sometimes even interferes to initiate a common consensus among its allies to prevent one country from producing these armaments. In extreme cases, it (America) is very sensitive when it comes to other states producing their own nuclear facilities and always justifies that it may be used to destabilize the peace and order in the world. America just ignores the fact that it is actually one of the biggest keepers of nuclear arsenal in the entire international community (Gibson, 1996). In terms of capitalistic approach, the US is also perceived to be very deceitful. When an American investor unit wishes to enter a certain market, especially those of the third-world group, it imposes a certain range of requirements instead of following the legal process in the country. Many of the local businessmen in these poor nations are not really optimistic that they will get a fair share in the market with the presence of a US brand competitor. It is very obvious for this factor to be realized because of quite numerous protests in each country which the US investors try to settle in (People’s Daily, 2000). One more aspect of hypocrisy of the US, according to how the world takes it, is its complete intention to manipulate and interfere in the government processes of other states. For example, if a certain nation is going to apply for a loan with the IMF or World Bank (which both have very high influence states from the US), there will always be a type of bargaining agreement aside from the actual supposedly credit money factors. There is always a requirement to let the United States to impose whatever it sees fitting to a domestic problem of a particular country. Some people say that the act of hypocrisy can sometimes be very beneficial to a society since it actually exposes the harsh truth that concerns and problems abound in this world and that resolutions are not always sufficient to solve them. However, in the case of the United States, there is a growing perception that the country is no longer capable of sustaining the supposedly â€Å"good† effects of hypocrisy since it only considers its total welfare over its relations to other nations. In any case, if there are too many individuals who are no longer satisfied with how the world works, it is very possible for them to initiate an act which will result to undesirable consequences not only for America but also for the whole international community. It would be very ideal for the US to reconsider its policies to maintain a sound relationship with other nations in the world. References Gibson, J. 1996. Complete List of All U. S. Nuclear Weapons. Nuclear Weapons Archive. Retrieved November 20, 2007 from http://nuclearweaponarchive. org/Usa/Weapons/Allbombs. html. People’s Daily. 2000. China Protest Against US Arms Sales to Taiwan. People’s Daily. Retrieved November 20, 2007 from http://english. peopledaily. com. cn/english/200004/09/eng20000409_38583. html. Wikipedia. 2007. Hypocrisy. Wikipedia-The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved November 20, 2007 from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Hypocrisy.

Macbook Consumer Behaviour Analysis

Business 4274F Consumer Behaviour Individual Assignment Oct, 26, 2012 General Information MacBook Air is a series of laptop created by Apple Inc. which makes the product distinguished and remarkable due to its ultraportability and thinness and elegant style. It was originally introduced and released in Jan 29, 2008 by Steve Jobs, the previous CEO of Apple Inc. The company typically releases new models for this series annually. The most recent release was in Jun 11, 2012, which has two models, one has an 11’’ screen, and the other gets a 13’’ screen.The series of MacBook Air has been very successful since its inception. Its success is not only reflected in the vast profit it made for Apple, but also in the inspiration it gives to the whole PC manufacturing market to make ultraportable and elegant-style laptop which can also balance performance. Hardware The most important factor which makes the MacBook Air so successful, in my opinion, is the great balance of portability and power of the product.The laptop features a unibody design which makes possible to significantly reduce thickness and weight, and also it integrates with the latest CPU of Intel (3rh generation Core i5 and i7), and SSD (Solid State Drive) to give more power and capability to use. The design is another factor. The machined aluminium casing and backlit keyboard make it look elegant and handsome. This design also delivers inspiration to the PC manufacturer. Many PC manufacturers copied the design and used it to re-design their own laptop, and they call them â€Å"Ultrabook†, which is targeted the same consumers and market as the MacBook Air.Software Compared with the hardware, the software is a more distinguished component of the product. MacBook Air, as well as other Mac series, is using the Macintosh system (also called OS X system). Unlike the PC industry where manufacturer buy the system license from Microsoft, which separates the hardware and software, OS X system is solely designed by Apple with the intention to work perfectly with the hardware. The trackpad on the laptop is the best over other laptops. People can use multi-touch gestures which enables them to control the laptop naturally and smoothly as they are using the iPad.And also, the system has come with many apps designed by Apple, so that those apps have uniform style with the system and great features. Involvement I have high-involvement attitude toward MacBook Air, referring to the ABC Model of Attitude. Before I got the feels about the product, I have got some beliefs of it, as follows: 1. The logo of Apple for me has been a label of â€Å"good design† and â€Å"user-friendly† 2. I had bought iPod and iPad, so I’m sure the Mac will be suit me as the other two products do 3. A friend who also has the products told me the laptop changed his life 4.The OS X system is more beautiful than the Windows system 5. Portability is the priority because I want t o carry it with me everywhere, and Mac has it 6. The system has faster response and less virus threats than Windows 7. Mac has very good synergy with other Apple products, so it can work well with my iPad I evaluated those beliefs according to my values, which is, referred to textbook, a belief that some conditions is preferable to its opposite. My values are the preferences of efficiency, elegant style, and reliable performance.Those beliefs give me a feel that the laptop is worth buying, though it’s more expense than other laptops. And then the feel gives me the behavior, which is the intention to pay for that. This is a high-involvement attitude toward the product, because the choice process is very careful and comprehensive. This also yields a great brand loyalty to Apple, and makes me wipe all the Windows-based laptop out from my buying list. Means-end Chain Analysis Attribute-value Table Attribute Fast response Portability Elegant style Less virus threatsBenefit I can u se it anytime I need it I can carry it with me I feel happy when I see the beautiful thing I feel safe and less worries Value A more efficient life A comfortable life Pleasure Safety Synergy with my iPad More efficient to use my iPad and the Mac Efficiency Associative Network of Knowledge The associative network of knowledge starts at the laptop, which is the class-level decision, and Apple’s laptop is the most favorable product for me, because it has the most links with the positive end states.The laddering technique illustrates the most important end state is efficient and comfortable. Cheap Windows system Microsoft PC Familiar Product Comfortable Laptop Good taste Elegant Apple Thin and light Portability Expensive Safe Synergy with other product Fast response Good CPU Carrying it with me SSD Efficient Advertisement In this advertisement, the MacBook Air was put on a file bag. The comparison of the Mac and the bag makes me believe the laptop can be placed into the small bag easily.The message the ad delivers to me is very clear: the product is very handy and portable. The message delivery is very efficient, because this is what I concern about. The picture let me think about the portability of the laptop, which is the attribute of the product, and then I would think about the benefits the portability can give me, for example I can carry it with me everywhere and I won’t be tired by its weight. Last, I compared the benefits with the end values of mine, if those benefits meet the values, it yields positive attitude and feel about the product.

Plus ça Change - French Expression

Plus à §a Change - French Expression Expression: Plus à §a change, plus cest la mà ªme chose Pronunciation: [plu sa sha(n)zh plu say la mem shoz] Meaning: the more things change, the more they stay the same. Literal translation: more it changes, more its the same thing. Register: normal How to Use Plus à §a Change The pessimistic French expression plus à §a change, plus cest la mà ªme chose is very often cut down to just the first clause: plus à §a change... / the more things change... The shortened French expression is often used in English too, particularly British English.In either language, plus à §a change indicates a certain disillusionment or resignation regarding whatever is being talked about. A company makes all kinds of policy changes, for example, but the personnel issues are unaffected. A couple go to marriage counseling, but continue fighting about everything. A new sheriff comes to town, but there is no noticeable impact on crime. New people, new promises, but the same old problems - plus à §a change.... Variations: Plus à §a change, plus cest pareil: The more it changes, the more its the same.Plus à §a change (et) moins à §a change: The more it changes (and) the less it changes

The Illusion essays

The Illusion essays I watched a play The Illusion by Pierre Corneille on 27 of September. Pierre Corneille wrote that play on 17th century so at first thought it is kind of hard for me to understand the whole play. It was played at Russell H. Miller theatre. Actually Tony Kushner adapted the play. It was a strange comedy about and magic. It was played pretty well and I was pleased about it and the rest of audience liked it too. The play opens as a desperate father comes to a magician Alcandre for help in finding his son. The magician lives in a cave with his servant. Years before, the father's rigid expectations forced the boy from home, now the old man regrets his rashness. The magician decides to help him and shows three scenes about his sons life. In the first vision the son is a penniless young and altruistic swain smitten by love of a lady he worships from afar and thats all what happened in first scene. In the second, the son is a manservant of his nobleman rival who is secretly courting the lady because of her wealth, while bedding the maid. He is imprisoned for killing the nobleman rival in a duel. The maid arranges his escape and his union with her lady at the cost of the lady's entire fortune. The lady's faith in her lover allows her to give all to receive all. The son escapes with the now penniless lady. In the third vision, the son is a philanderer married to the lady. The prince assassinate s him because of his affair with the princess. The lady witnesses the stabbing, is overcome, and dies. When Pridamant sees his son mortally wounded he becomes so disconsolate that he falls ill. The magician then reveals that the visions are theatrical illusions and his son is an actor. After hearing this Pridament dont like his sons profession and doesnt show any interest for his son anymore and he lives the cave. First moments watching the play were kind of confusing for me ...

Using Time Expressions and Tenses in English

Using Time Expressions and Tenses in English Here is a quick overview of time expressions used with specific tenses including examples and explanations. Days of the Week Days of the week can be used with most tenses in English.  Notice that all days of the week are capitalized: MondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFridaySaturdaySunday Examples: Ill see you next Sunday.We had a meeting last Thursday.Jennifer has her programming course on Wednesday. When speaking about an action that is repeated EVERY Saturday, Monday, etc., use the day of the week, add s and use either the present simple to speak about present routines or the past simple to discuss past habits. Do not use with the continuous, perfect, or perfect continuous forms.   MondaysTuesdaysWednesdaysThursdaysFridaysSaturdaysSundays Examples:   We have our class on Tuesdays and Thursdays.  I used to play tennis on Saturdays. The Weekend British English: at the weekend OR at weekends (in general)American English: on the weekend  OR on weekends (in general) Use the present simple to speak about habits on the weekend. On the weekend is also used with the future and past ​tenses to speak about the next or last weekend. I play tennis at weekends.She visits her mother on the weekend.Were going to the beach on the weekend. (next weekend)They visited Chicago on the weekend. (last weekend) Times of the Day Use the following time expressions to express things that happen during the day. These expressions can be used with the past, present, and future forms.   in the morningin the afternoonin the eveningat night NOTE: Make sure to note that we say at night NOT in the night They do the cleaning in the morning.He goes to bed late at night.Well do the homework in the evening.She had a drink in the evening before she went to bed. Time Expressions to Use With the Present Simple Use every with segments of time such as every day, month, year, every two months, etc. She travels to Las Vegas every year.Jack tries to exercise every day. Here is how to use adverbs of frequency (usually, sometimes, often, etc.): They sometimes play golf.She rarely smokes. Time Expressions to Use With the Present Continuous Use now, at the moment, right now, or today with the present continuous to speak about what is happening at the present moment. Tom is watching TV now.Im working on the Smith project today.Jane is doing her homework at the moment. Time Expressions Often Used in the Past Use last when speaking about the previous week, month or year They went on holiday last month. Use yesterday when speaking about the previous day. Use the day before yesterday to speak about two days earlier.   I visited my best friend yesterday.They had math class the day before yesterday. Use ago when speaking about X days, weeks, months, years before. NOTE: ago follows the number of days, weeks, etc. We flew to Cleveland three weeks ago.The class started twenty minutes ago.   Use in  with specific years or months with past, present, and future tenses. She graduated in 1976.Well see each other in April.   Use when with a past time clause. I played tennis every day when I was a teenager. Time Expressions Used in the Future Use next to speak about the next week, month, or year. We are going to visit our friends in Chicago next week.Ill have some time off next month.   Use tomorrow for the next day. Hell be at the meeting tomorrow. Use in X weeks, days, years time with the future continuous to express what you will be doing at a specific of time in the future. We will be swimming in a crystal blue sea in two weeks time. Use by (date) form with the future perfect to express what you will have done up to that point in time. I will have finished the report by April 15. Use by the time time clause with the future perfect to express what will have happened up to a specific action in the future. She will have bought a new home by the time he arrives.

Module 3 Case Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Module 3 Case - Assignment Example al Production Cost 3,100,000 Total Production Units 50,000 Production Cost Per Unit 62 Performance for the 2nd Quarter As far as the improvements are considered for the 2nd quarter, the assessment for Mr. Rosen is not under right direction. The information that they had provided, gives the same amount of net income under both approaches. Sales are same for both these approaches. However, the costing side is affected by these two approaches such that the costs are broken up on different methods under the two approaches. For instance, under absorption costing, costs are divided into two main categories which are 1) costs directly attributable to units sold, and 2) costs which are not directly related to the manufacturing process (Jordan and Harris, 2008). Conversely, if contribution margin costing approach is taken into consideration, the overall costs of the company are divided into 1) variable cost, and 2) fixed cost. Variable costs are the ones which increases of decreases with the number of units sold but remain constant on per unit basis. However, fixed costs are the ones that remain same regardless of the number of units sold, but for a certain capacity (Kinney and Raiborn, 2009). Cumulatively, the net effect of these two approaches has found to be the same under the given information. However, the breakup of the costs under both approaches can be observed in a distinct manner. The second quarter performance for the division is same because number of units sold is same as the last year. Although, the overall production cost has been increased because of increasing the number of units, but since the sales units are the same, therefore production cost pertaining to units that are actually sold, has been taken into account which has caused the same result for both approaches under both quarters. Suggestion on Appropriate Reporting System From the given information, there are few suggestions to be made. The clear difference between absorption and marginal costi ng approach can only be observed clearly if there is comprehensive information provided especially regarding the level of inventory. In that case, it would be a rather better approach to make a clear point regarding which costing approach provides the better results. For better results, Mr. Roses is advised to not only increase the production units but also increase the sales volume as well. This will substantiate better performance rather than focusing on the reporting approach to demonstrate better results which is not more than a complacent view. Shortcomings of Absorption Costing Approach There are various shortcomings of absorption costing as a method of internal

The impact that the increasing concern of how alcohol consumption Research Paper

The impact that the increasing concern of how alcohol consumption affects the rate of interpersonal violence has had on biologis - Research Paper Example The second category includes offences where the alcohol consumption is considered to have played a part such as the offender being under the alcohol’s influence at the time of offense. Some offences usually committed by individuals under alcohol influence include criminal damage, interpersonal violence, assault, etc. (Institute of Alcohol Studies 3). It has been found that the use of drugs and alcohol by young people institutes lots of risks such as academic, personal, safety, health, relationships and the danger of getting addicted. However, one of the most important risks is the association between drugs, alcohol and crime. In fact, millions of people each year are victims of alcohol or drug related crime, admitting millions of youngsters. Around 600,000 students, of ages between 18 and 24, are attacked by another intoxicated student. Among the campus crimes, around 95% involve the consumption of alcohol by the assaulter or the victim, or both. Moreover, 90% of associate sex ual assault and rape on campus involve the consumption of alcohol by the assaulter or the victim, or both. This paper is more focused on the trend of alcohol consumption within Finland; therefore most details will include the research on Finns with regards to alcohol consumption. ... Around 1,500 individuals are noticed to die due to an ailment associated with alcohol consumption, and around 1,000 individuals die due to violence and accidents as a result of alcohol consumption. Alcohol consumption is more common among the young population (Karlsson et al. 498–508). For the past twenty years, various societal changes have regulated the Finnish alcohol discipline. Three most prominent changes include the forceful economic upswing that occurred in the last years of 1980s, as Finland went through a serious economic recession in the early 1990s. Similarly Finland united with the European Union (EU) in January 1995, which presumed a novel Alcohol Act. The epoch of sixty years of extensive alcohol monopoly arrangement was ended by this Act, but Alko, the state owned alcohol monopoly, still remained with its exclusive right of off-premise sale as a retailer. Moreover, in January 2004, the traveler’s import quotas for alcohol were abandoned from the other EU members, while in March the excise duties on alcohol were declined and then Estonia was made an EU member in May of the same year (Karlsson et al. 497). Significant tax changes in the excise duties on alcohol, the easily accessibility of alcoholic beverages as well as the alterations to alcohol administration had influenced greatly the alcohol policy in Finland (Karlsson et al. 507). Nowadays the social acceptableness of intoxication is diminishing amongst the youth of Finland along with the increased severity of legal penalties for drunk driving. Finns, however, still have repute for weekend tear drinking. Generally, the harmful results of alcohol addiction are divided into chronic and acute effects. Accidents that are caused by single drinking occasions are included in acute harmful effects,

Risk Management and asset allocation Research Proposal

Risk Management and asset allocation - Research Proposal Example According to The New York Times (2011), â€Å"Asset allocation† describes dividing one's investments among the various types of asset classes. This is like saying putting one’s eggs in different baskets. Pietersz (2005) observes that asset allocation â€Å"helps ensure that investments are spread out across a wide range of markets and securities.† They do so because asset allocation does not have a one-off surety for success – it may either succeed or backfire, depending on who is handling the asset. Grange (2010) relates exposure management to the nature of product being invested in. He recognizes two major products, which are those â€Å"made up of those products that start with a balance equal to their limit and where, over time, the balance decreases away from the limit† and those which â€Å"start with a zero balance and some higher limit and where, over time, the balance increases towards the limit†. Generally, in the first instance, ex posure created is classified as productive whereas in the second instance, all exposure created is classified as unproductive. ... some who believe that much of a success in asset allocation should be looked at in terms of who handles which venture rather than the type of equity or portfolio it is. Such an argument gives operators of private equity some hope of competition in asset allocation. 1.2 Hypothesis The type of equity; be is private or public does not have significant influence on the rate of success in asset allocation. Private equity can perform as creditably well as a public equity. Public equity is not a guaranteed choice for asset allocation. Success in asset allocation is influenced by several managerial factors including exposure management. 1.3 Research Questions 1. Which factors inform the choice of a particular venture for asset allocation? 2. Why has private equity investment become so popular? 3. What is the most favorable private equity share in a general asset allocation? 4. To what extent does private equity expose investors? 5. How can a private equity exposure be derived? 6. What are th e risks in overrunning a specific allocation and how can it be reduced? 7. Which model can be used to appraise the future of asset allocated in private equity? 1.4 Objectives 1.4.1 Main Objective To find the relationship between private equity, their exposure management practice and the degree of success in investing in private equity as an option for asset allocation 1.4.2 Specific Objectives 1. Identify the basis upon which private equities operate. 2. Explore the exposure management practices of private equities. 3. Find out from investors, why they choose and prefer private equities for asset allocation. 4. Find authentication or otherwise to claims that asset allocation in private equity is risky due to poor exposure management. 5. Prescribe models that can best be used to appraise

Leadership Apollo 13 movie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Leadership Apollo 13 movie - Essay Example One of the key characters in the film is Jim Lovell; whose real name is real life is Tom Hanks. Tom Hanks depicts the qualities of a leader as depicted by DuBrin in his book â€Å"Leadership†. Jim Lovell portrays some of the most appropriate leadership character traits which deal with interpersonal aspects of a leader. According to DuBrin, Leadership has everything to do with motivation and change among other aspects (35). Other aspects that DuBrin classifies as part of a leader’s role are the administrative and planning aspects. Apollo 13 has the appropriate example of how a leader should act when there are challenges, which are unexpected in an organization. Jim Lovell is portrayed as a charismatic leader, one who is quick in action and a fast thinker when there is a crisis. This character trait is evident in one of the scenes where Jim Lovell and other astronauts approach their long awaited destination. Before landing, the craft’s power system starts having a problem and the crew’s supply of oxygen also runs out. This is the time Jim Lovell’s leadership skills are put to the test when the crew begins to panic. The crew members were aware that there was a problem and time was running out. From this scene, viewers get to see Jim Lovell as a democratic leader, as he favors no crew member when they start panicking and each member is allowed to contribute to decision making. As DuBrin indicates in his book, for a person to be considered an effective leader, he or she has to be aware of cer tain tactics of influencing people (263). On page 263, DuBrin’s point is that when such a person has the ability to influence, he has the power as a leader. Jim Lovell is also depicted as a hands-on leader. DuBrin states that hands-on leadership is required in all areas, if the leader is to be classified as an effective leader (250). Lovell is directly involved in the lives of his crew members. This can be evidenced in the beginning of the film, where Lovell decides

Proposal Form Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Form - Research Proposal Example In addition to that, this research will also identify various marketing and economic factors that may affect full functionality of logistics sector. The role of technology in facilitating the various aspects of business in general and the logistics sector in particular will also be studied. The framework that will be used in this research will be the one used by Yoshizaki and Montibeller (2009) before. This framework will help consider a single commodity, multi-criteria, capacitated problem of facility location, and can be used for such other research ideas as well. A case study will be used to illustrate the framework. This case study will be inspired by real applications in the construction industry of the UK. Problems that are likely to be considered will involve a manufacturer that has to select locations for establishing concrete batching plants for supplying concrete to different projects across London. Each batching plant will have a limited capacity of production. Topological benefits such as the weighted distances from clients or minimizing total costs are traditionally optimized by classical and mono-criterion models of location. Many multi-objective models of location also employ the same criteria. In this research framework, total costs will be considered against the overall benefits that may be nodal or topological. We may also consider other topological benefits in addition to geographical coverage and total cost such as service area overlap, number of sites, total environmental impact, total system risk, and total quality of service. The literature review will primarily include books and peer reviewed journals. Such journals qualify to be used as sources in this research paper as International Journal of Logistics Management, Journal of Business Logistics, Transportation Research, Transportation Journal, and

Wholefoods Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Wholefoods - Case Study Example In the pre-industrial period all foods were whole foods. After industrialization the distinction was made (â€Å"Wholefood†). Industry’s Businesses and Economic Traits: There are several companies doing businesses with whole foods. Among them the Whole Foods Market, Inc. is the largest in the US. Among other companies Wild Oats Markets Inc. was a big name. The Whole Foods Market is a highly successful business entity as a retailer. It has almost 172 stores in USA. It has the reputation for selling good quality products and in terms of the labour employments. Wal-Mart is another big name in the retailing business of whole foods. The main economic traits of this industry is that these retailers purchase products directly from the producers, the farmers, and sale them in the market. These foods (mainly rice, vegetables, grains etc.) are necessary goods, hence demand for these food items are permanent and subject to be less affected by any changes in consumers’ incom e (Bluejay). Nature and Strength of Competitive Forces: The high necessity for these foods has made many retailers to supply these foods to the market. Hence, the competition is very much present. But the strategic decisions of few of the large business firms have lowered down the competition. The Whole Foods Market, the biggest name in the whole foods industry, has largely occupied the market. It had a tough competition from Wild Oats Market and hence on 2007 it merged with the Wild Oats Market. Wal-Mart is also creating huge competition in the industry. The competition lies mainly in the purchase of foods from the farmers at lower prices and also selling them at competitive prices. The acquisition of the Wild Oats implies the intention of the Whole Foods Market of charging high prices (Bluejay). Forces behind Industry Changes: The industry for whole foods is changing. The aggressive monopolization and hunt for more profits through high price and lower quality of food products, mer ging illegally with the small retailers, proving low prices to the farmers and low wages to the employees etc. are affecting the business of the Whole Foods Market and hence, the small retailers across the country are emerging. Not only that the farmers are getting encouragements from the government to supply their food products directly to the marketplaces. The government is also trying to purchase these products at subsidized prices from farmers and to supply them to market as public goods (Bluejay). Market Positions of Industry Rivals: The dominance of the Whole Foods Market in the industry excludes the dominance of all other rivals. In fact, the market shares for the rivals are not much at all. The Whole Foods have the advantage of local market that is growing rapidly and that they are the oldest in the industry and hence, they are getting more support from the local farmers. The acquisitions of different small whole grocers like the Portland Public Market, the Whole Grocers and the Wild Oats have helped it to acquire largest market share in the industry (Scarborough, Wilson and Zimmerer, 84-87). Next Strategic Moves of rivals: The dominant market share of the Whole Foods Market has marked the notable success in the industry. But this has also creates problems for the rivals. The rivals are getting marginalized in the market. Hence, the rivals are trying to initiate few strategies that will help them to earn good market share. They are trying to expand their business in outside USA. For example, recently Wal-Mart has decided to start business in South-East Asian countries. Also they are trying to initiate new pricing policies, such as charging lower price for the same food products as Whole Food is selling. They are also trying to get government help in terms of earning market

Proposal Form Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Form - Research Proposal Example In addition to that, this research will also identify various marketing and economic factors that may affect full functionality of logistics sector. The role of technology in facilitating the various aspects of business in general and the logistics sector in particular will also be studied. The framework that will be used in this research will be the one used by Yoshizaki and Montibeller (2009) before. This framework will help consider a single commodity, multi-criteria, capacitated problem of facility location, and can be used for such other research ideas as well. A case study will be used to illustrate the framework. This case study will be inspired by real applications in the construction industry of the UK. Problems that are likely to be considered will involve a manufacturer that has to select locations for establishing concrete batching plants for supplying concrete to different projects across London. Each batching plant will have a limited capacity of production. Topological benefits such as the weighted distances from clients or minimizing total costs are traditionally optimized by classical and mono-criterion models of location. Many multi-objective models of location also employ the same criteria. In this research framework, total costs will be considered against the overall benefits that may be nodal or topological. We may also consider other topological benefits in addition to geographical coverage and total cost such as service area overlap, number of sites, total environmental impact, total system risk, and total quality of service. The literature review will primarily include books and peer reviewed journals. Such journals qualify to be used as sources in this research paper as International Journal of Logistics Management, Journal of Business Logistics, Transportation Research, Transportation Journal, and

Accounting analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Accounting analysis - Essay Example For other transactions substance and form diverge and the choice of treatment can give different results due to non-recognition of an asset or a liability even though benefits or obligations result.Full disclosure is not enough:all transactions must be accounted for correctly,with full disclosure of related details as necessary to give the user of accounts a full understanding of the transactions.The interaction of the framework with other standards is also an important issue. Whichever rules are the more specific should be applied, given that IAS's should be consistent with the framework. Leasing provides a good example: straight forward lease which fall squarely within the terms of IAS 17 should be accounted for without any need to refer to the framework, but where there terms are more complex, or the lease is only one element in a large series of transactions, then the framework comes into play. In addition, the framework implicitly requires that its general principle of substance over form should apply in the application of other existing rules.How does the frame work enforce the substance over from rule Its main method is to define the elements of financial substance and therefore to give rules for their recognition. The key considerations are weather a transaction has given rise to new assets and liabilities.A liability is a present obligation of the enterprise arising from past events, the settlement of which is expected to result in an outflow from the enterprise of resources embodying economic benefits. (http://www.iasplus.com/standard/framewk.htm) Identification of those who have risks related to an asset will generally indicate who has the benefits and hence who has the asset. if an entity is in certain circumstances unable to avoid an outflow of benefits, this will provide evidence that it has liability. The definitions given in IASC framework of income and expenses are not as imp as assets and liabilities. This is because income and expenses are described in terms of changes in assets and liabilities, i.e. they are secondary definitions Income is increases in economic beniufit5s during the accounting period in form of inflows or enhancements of assets or decreases of liabilities that result in decrease in equity, other than those relating to contributions from equity participations. Expenses are decreases in economic benefits during the accounting period in the form of outflows or depletion of assets or increases of liabilities that results in decrease in equity, other than those relating to distributions to equity participants. (http://www.iasplus.com/standard/framewk.htm) The real importance then is the way the Framework defines assets and liabilities regardless of the legal status. It is not sufficient, however, that the asset or liabilities fulfils the above definition; it must also satisfy recognition criteria in order to be shown in an entity's accounts

Analysis of UK and Pakistan Education System Essay Example for Free

Analysis of UK and Pakistan Education System Essay UK is one of the renowned trading power and financial hub of the world, stands at third position in European Union following Germany and France. The agriculture sector of the region is particularly strong and mechanized. Its efficiency can be ensured through the production of 60 percent food needs with only 2 percent of workforce. The region has significant energy resource but due to increasing demands it is importing energy from 2005. The insurance and financial institutes in addition to bank are generating the largest portion of GDP of the region. The recent financial crises particularly influenced the economy of the region during 2008 because of the financial sector of the region (www. cia. gov). Literacy rate of the region is 99 percent while 5. 5 percent of GDP is fixed for the development of education sector. According to such percentage of GDP it stands at 44th position as compare to other countries (www. cia. gov). There were 89 universities and 131 higher education institutes operating till August 2011 (www. universitiesuk. ac. uk). The expansion in higher education system of the region is relatively slow as compared to the other countries competing with the region according to the report of Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD, 2007). There are several countries coming up with significantly higher number of college and universities although the growth of education sector in recent years in UK is also remarkable. The increase in the educational institutes positively influence the graduation rate in UK as it was 37 percent during the year 2000 and reached upto 39 percent in 2005. On the other hand the position of the region was dropped from 3rd to 10th position as compare to around 20 countries while considering the educational performance (www. guardian. co. uk). The recent financial crises negatively influenced all the sectors therefore the government was planning to reduce the educational expenses by 25 percent during the upcoming four years. It was mentioned the chancellor that the reduction in the budget for educational sector depends on the treatment with the other sectors which are influencing the budget of the region. No guarantee of not cutting the educational budget was given by the chancellor. It was further mentioned by the government official that the possible saving through reduction in welfare budget may positively facilitate in reducing percentage of cut in educational budget (BBC, 2010). UK is also famous as an esteem education provided all around the world and students of different continents are presently completing their education in UK. Recently the government particularly focus the immigration process of students for making amendments. The seniors of UK education sector that the shift of government towards Tier 4 student immigration program may adversely effect the higher education institutes and the whole economy. The government particularly deployed for deciding about the student visa system of UK according to the new rules and policies. In addition the numbers of immigration given to the skilled workers also threatened the education sector because the student which will not take higher education may reduce the scope of universities and it will be quite difficult for the region to compete with the other countries as far as the educational sector is concerned (www. orkpermit. com). Pakistan is facing severe law and order situation in addition to political disputes which negatively influencing the trend of foreign investment. The recent energy crises are also one of the factors which badly effecting the overall development of economy. The unemployment rate according to the government is 6 percent but the real rate is very high because of the slow economic development. During the recent years the growth of the country significantly reduced while the inflation rate is particularly increasing. On the other hand food prices have also remarkable increased. The UN Human Development Report estimated the poverty during 2011 around 50 percent population. The inflation rate was recorded at 7. 7 percent during 2007 which was crossed 13 percent during the year 2011. The currency value of Pakistan has decreased by 40 percent since 2007 due to such circumstances (www. cia. gov). The education facilities in Pakistan are although developing but still require significant attention to compete with the global market. The literacy rate of the country is very low and estimated as around 50 percent in which 63 percent are males while remaining are females. The government declared 2. 7 percent of annual GDP for the education sector so that further schools can be developed and established according to the need of population. Keeping in view the expenses declared for education sector as compared to the remaining world the country is at 142nd position which is considerably low rank (www. cia. gov). Ministry for education is performing critical role for the development education sector in Pakistan. The key aim is to promote education according to the policies and plans defined by the management of the firm. Under this ministry education policy for 1998-2010 was prepared for significantly focusing the overall development educational sector within Pakistan. In this policy the education of the nation and Islamic knowledge was particularly focused for reasonable development. Literacy, non-formal, elementary, secondary and teacher education were also included. The government particularly focused vocational and technical education in addition to higher education for the students so that the need of the market can be fulfilled. The government also particularly focused the private sector which is consistently and rapidly developing within Pakistan for providing upto the mark quality education to the nation (http://www. moe. gov. pk). The higher education sector of Pakistan is facing problems due to significant reduction in the budget during the last two years (2010 and 2011). Presently the government is spending around 1. 8 percent of its GDP on education and in the world there are only six countries found which are following Pakistan. The upcoming problems for the education sector of Pakistan are further critical as the government has planned to devolve the higher education system to the provinces till 2014. It will be a huge loss to the upcoming generation as the standard of education will be decreased in addition to huge wastage of money invested for the development of the sector. The policies of the government are negatively effecting the development of education sector although there is crucial requirement of central authority which ensures the development of education sector (newsweekpakistan. com).

Free Essays - Anklyosing Spondylitis Will Not Dictate My Life :: Personal Narrative Essay Example

Anklyosing Spondylitis Will Not Dictate My Life Anklyosing Spondylitis. When I first heard these words, I was tempted to say "God bless you," because I had never heard of such a disease. I could not appreciate that I would be living with it for the rest of my life. Anklyosing Spondylitis (AS) is a form of arthritis that affects the peripheral joints of the body, including the spine, bowels, and even the eyes (iritis). It causes the joints and ligaments that allow the back to move to become inflamed. It often begins in the late teens or early 20's and if it is not treated correctly, it can cause the spine, hips, and ribs to become rigid, which will make bending, turning, flexing, and breathing difficult. The actual severity of these symptoms vary a great deal from person to person. An early diagnosis along with proper treatment can help pain and stiffness be controlled and reduce or stop major deformity. It is important for all those afflicted with this disease, their families, and their friends, to fully understand the causes and effects of this arthritis and the ways to manage it throughout life. The exact cause of AS is still unknown. Over 90 percent of people with AS possess a genetic marker called BLA-B27. This gene is involved in the body's defense against infection. It has been confirmed that other genes are involved in this disease as well, but they have yet to be identified. A person can have this gene and not have AS. There also exists an environmental factor in the onset of AS. It appears to be normal bacteria in the bowel. I was diagnosed with AS after several occurrences. I suffered a head injury during a wrestling match. My skull was cracked and I was put on an antibiotic to fight off any possible infection. This drug caused my bowels to become infected by another disease called C-Difficile bacteria. After that was cured, I became afflicted with a Septic Hip. My hip was filled with infectious fluid. During this time I developed iritis, an inflammation of the eye. I had suffered iritis before. To make sure the infections would not come back, I had to stay on a home IV for six weeks. I was also identified as a carrier of the gene BLA-B27. During this time my doctors simply put the pieces together.

Characteristics and Behaviors of Pterosaurs :: Anthropology Essays Paleontology Papers

Characteristics and Behaviors of Pterosaurs Overview Pterosaurs were not dinosaurs but were closely related, and existed for 150 million years beginning in the late Triassic period through the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods until eventually becoming extinct along with the rest of the earth’s population at what is now known as the KT boundary event. The KT boundary event was the mass extinction that occurred at some point in time between the Cretaceous (K) and the Tertiary (T). This is famous because it marks the end of the 160 million years of dinosaur life. The theory is that asteroid rock hit the earth and caused the mass extinction. 1 Pterosaurs are commonly thought to be ancestors of modern day birds, but this is not true, even though they resemble bird and even bats of today. Much has been debated over what kind of behaviors pterosaurs exhibited when they existed. Today, more is known of what they were like 150 million years ago. Pterosaurs existed as different kinds of flying creatures. Their sizes ranged from a wing span of 6 inches to 40 feet and had different shaped and sizes of skulls. The two major kinds of pterosaurs were rhamphorhynchoids and pterodactyls. 2 Rhamphorhynchoids were a smaller type of pterosaur and pterodactyls were larger and rarer in numbers. Stereotypes and False Impressions Many people once believed that pterosaurs were weak flyers, or at least the larger ones were. The idea was that they used their large wings to glide instead of flap like flying creatures. This is now known to be false. Pterosaurs were also thought to be dinosaurs with similar anatomical features. Studies have shown now though that since the pterosaurs were not flappers but active flyers, their hearts were similar to those of mammals with four chambers, needed for an active way of life, unlike reptiles. In the past century, pterosaurs fossils have been known to be found with fur, which leads scientists to believe that pterosaurs needed insulation to keep in heat which indicated pterosaurs were active like mammals and warm blooded. 1 Like many sea birds or birds who fish out of the water, it was thought that pterosaurs dove strait into the water to catch their meal. This is not the case. Because pterosaurs have been known to grow as large as 40 feet in length and it would be impossible for such a large creature with such frail frames to crash into the water and survive.

Relationship Between Iman, Ibadah and Akhlak Essay

Praise be to Allah S.W.T. the Most Compassionate and the Most Merciful, as the believers praise Him and may He send blessings and peace upon our prophet, Muhammad Rasulullah S.A.W. and upon all of his forefathers, his brethren of prophets and messengers, his family and his companions. Worship is not simply the observation of ritualistic acts. It is a sincere kind of religious experience. In fact, it comprises of physical and spiritual expression of the human personality on a higher level of consciousness. The Al-Quran says, â€Å"Prostrate yourself in adoration and bring yourself closer (to God).† (96:19) The prophet, Muhammad Rasulullah S.A.W. was once asked, â€Å"What is the essence of ibadah?† He replied, â€Å"The worship of God as though you are seeing Him. Or, if you are not seeing Him, He is seeing you.† All acts in our daily life are considered as worship whether it is hidden or on the eyes of the public. Worship in Islam hold to a concept which looks an individual as a whole not only personal contact or relationship with God. Therefore, this is how worship is said related to akhlak (morality) and iman (faith). Allah S.W.T. instructed prophet Muhammad Rasulullah S.A.W. in Al-Quran, â€Å"Say: ‘Truly, my prayer and my service of sacrifice, my life and my death, are (all) for Allah, the Cherisher of the Worlds. No partner hath, He: This, am I commanded and I am the first of those who how to His will.† (Surah An-Nisa’, 6:162-163) As an individual worships Allah S.W.T., he or she must take care of his or her manners in the best possible manners that one can show and practice. In other words, the combination of a loyal worship and sincere in morality or ethics are a way to gain strong faith. Islam is a simple way of life. In fact, in Islam, there is no enforcement to Muslim on worship and on how to act in public. Muslim is free to do what they want to do as long as it does not against the hukum in Islam. In seeking t he pleasure of Allah S.W.T., an individual must have the right attitude in ethics and worship in order to posses a strong faith. THE CONCEPT OF IBADAH (WORSHIP) IN ISLAM Ibadah or worship in Islam is an all-inclusive term for all that Allah S.W.T. loves of a person, both internally, in the form of thoughts and intentions as well as externally, in the form of sayings and actions. In other words, worship is everything that an individual intends, says or does for the pleasure of Allah S.W.T. It includes ritualistic acts, for instance, prayers, fasting, pilgrimage and charity. It also extends to beliefs, social activities and personal contributions to the welfare of society. Generally, there are two types of worship according to the concept of Islam. First kind of worship is a worship that has been prescribed at a specified time- prayers, fasting, pilgrimage and almsgiving. This form of devotions is called as the five pillars of Islam. Other than that, there are also unspecified terms of worship or ibadah which consist of zikir and fikr, meaning to remember Allah S.W.T. with feelings of fear and love. The second form of worship or ibadah aims for the mental activation of human soul so that an individual will be able to see Allah S.W.T. signs in every thing the individual across in daily life. This is the worship or ibadah which is obligatory for every Muslim throug hout and individual’s life. Another important component in the concept of worship or ibadah in Islam is the realisation that Allah S.W.T. pleasure is earned through the performance of ritualistic acts as well as the morality when dealing with the situation in daily life. Islam does not think much of mere ritualistic acts when they are performed mechanically and have no influence to an individual’s inner self. â€Å"It is not righteousness that you turn your faces towards the East or the West but righteousness is to believe in Allah and the Resurrections Day, and the Angels, and the books, and the Prophets, and out of His love, spend one’s choice wealth for relatives and orphans, for the needy and the wayfarer, for beggars and for the ransom of slaves, and establish the prayers and pay the almsgiving, and to fulfil the pledges that you have made, and to patiently persevere in pain and in adversity and throughout all periods of panic. Such are the people of truth and such are the Allah-fearing.† (Surah Al-Baqarah, 2:171) THE CONCEPT OF IMAN (FAITH) IN ISLAM Allah S.W.T. the Almighty says, â€Å"O you who have faith! Respond to God and the Messenger when He calls you to unto that which gives you life, and know that God comes in between a man and his heart, and that to Him you shall be mustered.† (Surah Al†Anfal, 8:24) And says, â€Å"Those who have faith, and have not confounded their faith with evildoing – to them belongs the true security, they are rightly guided.† (Surah Al-An`am, 6:82). And He says, â€Å"But whosoever turns away from My remembrance, his shall be a life of narrowness, and on the Resurrection Day, We shall raise him blind.’ He shall say, ‘O my Lord, why have you raised me blind, and I was wont to see?’ God shall say, ‘Even so it is. Our signs came unto you, and you forgot them, and so today you are forgotten.† (Surah Ta Ha, 20:124–126), And says: â€Å"By the soul, and Him who shaped it, inspiring it with its lewdness and its God† consciousness. Prosperous is he who purifies it, and a failure is he who stunts it.† (Al-Shams, 91:7–10) The technical meaning of faith is firm belief in something real, based on evidence. Experts in this subject have defined faith as being ‘to believe with the heart and proclaim with the tongue’ some have added ‘to act with the body.’ Or, in the words of Abu `Ubayd al-Qasim ibn Salam: ‘Faith is to have sincere devotion to God with the heart, to testify this with the tongue, and to act on it with the body.’ An individual who accepts faith will enter the fold of Islam. Faith is not simply a recitation of kalimah, creed of Islam. According to the Al-Quran, it is a ma’arifah that is, realisation. Thus, realisation of truth is the door to Islam. When an individual discovers that Islam is truly God’s religion and it is the same trut h and individual has been seeking all along, an individual will undergo a unique experience of realisation. This is a ma’arifah. Making any kind of discovery revolutionises an individual’s life but when this discovery is of the truth, this intellectual revolution becomes synonymous with the emergence of a new life in the individual. This kind of intellectual is not a simple event, it turns man into superman and gives and individual the greatest mission of the individual’s life. It regulates the individual’s life in such a way that no part of it remains unaffected. The individual will begin to see all of humanity as the individual’s family and the entire universe as his abode. Such discoverer becomes a maker of history rather than a product of history. This is the miracle of faith or iman. It was this faith or iman which enabled the prophet Muhammad Rasulullah S.A.W. and his companions to produce the miraculous of all miracles. Faith or iman refers to the inner aspect of the religion and denotes a believer’s faith in the metaphysical realities of Islam. The term faith mention in both Al-Quran and a hadith of Gabriel A.S. Allah mentions, â€Å"The messenger has believed in what revealed to him front His lord and the believers. All of them believe has believed in Allah and His Angels and His Books and His Messengers.† (Surah Al-Baqarah, verse 285) THE CONCEPT OF AKHLAK (MORALITY) IN ISLAM The word ‘morality’ comes from the Latin word ‘moralitas’ meaning ‘manner, character, and proper behaviour’. Morality generally refers to a code of conduct, that an individual, group or society holds as commanding, in distinguishing right from wrong. Such an ideal code of conduct is often promoted in preference to other alternatives. Islam as a comprehensive way of life encompasses a complete moral system that is an important aspect of its world-view. We live in an age where good and evil are often looked at as relative concepts. Islam however, holds that moral positions are not relative, and instead, defines a universal standard by which actions may be deemed moral or immoral. Islam’s moral system is striking in that it not only defines morality, but also guides the human race in how to achieve it, at both an individual as well as a collective level. It is to live among one’s fellow men according to the moral teachings of Islam. T he essence of Islamic morality or akhlak is thus set forth and given in a hadith, â€Å"Behave with others as you would like them to behave towards you.† (Sahih Bukhari) By nature, everyone knows what sort of conduct he approves of and of what sort he disapproves. So, to follow this generally accepted moral criterion in relation to others is essentially in Islamic morality. Islam differentiates between social manners and social character. Social manners are based on the principle ‘do as they do’ but Islamic morality or akhlak is based on the formula of unilateral and unconditional positive conduct. â€Å"Do good to others even if they are not doing good to you.† (At-Tabrani) So great an importance has been attached in Islam to moral character that it has been set up as a criterion by which to judge all other Islamic virtues. If an individual is good in relation to other human beings, he or she will also serve as the evidence that an individual also is good in relation to Allah S.W.T. According to the Al-Quran there are three sources of it, and all the three are imbedded in human nature. They are, 1. The Commanding Self (Nafs-e-Ammara) is the self, which stimulates the human being towards evil. We read in the Al-Quran, â€Å"Yet I do not hold myself to be free from weakness, for the Commanding Self (the animal self) is surely prone to enjoin evil, except on whom my Lord has mercy.† (12:53) There are various natural and moral states of human being. According to the Al-Quran the state arising out of the human beings animal self, Nafs-e-Ammara (the Commanding Self) is the first source of morality if the weapon of reason is applied. The reasoning faculty in the human being is sufficiently well developed to analyse his behaviour critically and to perceive the immediate and remote consequences of his actions. It is the result of the critical exercise of reason that comes into play on inappropriate occasions and animal like actions, functioning as a control. This exercise of reason and control take then the hue of moral states. In other words, the foundation of good morals lies in our natural emotions and instincts, and good morals are nothing more than appropriate and controlled exercise of these naturally endowed powers and instincts. Hunger and sexuality are the basic commanding needs of humans and animals. Now if these basic commanding forces are brought under control through fasting and marriage, they become virtues. The Al-Quran has not only discussed in detail the basic human emotions and instincts, but also has gone further by investigating the underlying causes for arousal of these emotions, the need for such an arousal and has also explained how to channel and sublimate these emotion towards morality. 2. The Self-Accusing Spirit (Nafs-e-Lawwama) is the second source of morality, the one judging the excellence of morals. It is the voice of the conscience which becomes loud when an act of lewdness is being done. Every human being is gifted with this voice. We read, â€Å"And I swear by (and bring to witness) the Self-accusing Soul (Nafs-e-Lawwama – the innate self reproaching spirit, at the doing of an evil deed as an evidence).† (75:2) Nafs-e-Lawwama is thus what we call the living perception of one’s psychological condition or the call of the inner voice. One aspect of getting a ruling from the voice of the conscience and from one’s heart is that when we are about to commit any action we should first imagine to apply such an action to ourselves. If we are not adversely affected by this action and if it proves to be good and effective for us, such an action would also be beneficial and good for others. And if we cannot accept it for ourselves, then it must be assumed that it is neither appropriate for others. All those who act unfairly towards others, should put their own persons in place of others and see how they would like such an act to be perpetrated against them. The Holy Prophet is reported to have said, â€Å"When wanting to decide whether something is good or bad, ask your heart and innersoles, and take it that the deed, the commission of which gives you a feeling of satisfaction to the heart and innersoles, is a virtuous deed and the deed which rankles in the heart and produces perturbation and hesitancy in the mind is a sinful deed, even though the people may tell you that it is a lawful deed.† The question that arises at this juncture is that if this Nafs-e-Lawwamah, the self ac cusing spirit is present in every person, and every person is endowed with a voice of the conscience, why is it that a lot of persons still commit immoral acts? The answer to this is simple. Though our conscience does raise its voice of protest and the commission of such an act, people mostly do not pay heed to it. Secondly, immorality is a poison. Repeated doses of this poison blunt or destroy the conscience. 3. Love and Faith in the All-Mighty is the third and the ultimate source of morals. Once a Muslim Sufi was asked, how can we free ourselves from unlawful prohibited things and from afflictions and find peace and tranquillity? He replied, through a firm faith in Allah, for one gets free of all weaknesses and calamities through such a faith. Faith in God is the foundation stone of the Qur’anic Code of Ethics, not only in the sense that the Divine Attributes are like milestones on the way to good morals, but also from the angle that our faith in God strengthens our heart t o achieve the good and shun the evil. The â€Å"angels† of God guide such a person and he starts to live a life of peace and security, freeing himself of the filth of vice and sin. It is through this channel the human soul finds its ultimate peace and tranquillity which is called in the Al-Quran Nafs-e Mutma’innah – the Soul at Peace. â€Å"(As for the person who has been blessed with a contented and peaceful mind He will say to him,) ‘O you soul at peace! Come back to your Lord well-pleased with Him and He well-pleased with you. Enter the fold of My chosen servants, and enter the Garden made by Me.† (89:27-30) It is wrong to say that a disbelief in God does not produce any defect or diminishing effect on one’s morals, and confirmation of the existence of God does not strengthen one’s moral powers. Among the principles proposed by the Al-Quran for faith in God is the principle of Retribution and Recompense for one’s deeds and this is an important principle in the laws of nature. A person who is merely adhering to a moral code only uses his own person or the society at his personal discretion, and by doing so he thinks that he is becoming better civilized and serving the society. He has no motivation of getting any reward. But when the Al-Quran motivates us towards higher morals, it simultaneously tells us that by adopting higher morals we not only improve and reform society, but we are also making our next life better. â€Å"Verily, those who say, â€Å"Allah is our Lord,† and then remain steadfast (and follow the straight path), the angels will descend upon them (saying), â€Å"Have no fear nor grieve rather rejoice at the glad tidings of receiving the Gardens (of Paradise) which you have been promised.† (41:30) The existence of moral forces within the human personality emanates from and is subservient to the inborn faculties of a human being and there exists a natural impulse towards morality in the human makeup. The human faculties which are inherent in human nature in its inner aspect as opposed to the outer and physical aspect are denoted by the word Khulq. Khulq is the term which describes that habitual and firm disposition in a human by virtue from which moral actions flow spontaneously and effortlessly. All the moral principles that exist are nothing else but a manifestation of natural human emotions and nature is the source of them all. A person becomes laudable only when his natural faculties and personal disposition take on a moral hue through training. If such actions are good and laudable when judged by common sense and the Law, such a disposition is called a vi rtuous disposition, and if such actions are bad and condemnable, such a disposition is called an evil disposition (Ahya Al-Alum by Imam Ghazali). â€Å"Thus the source of all morals is within the nature of a human being – his disposition and his various natural states. If human faculties are the source of morals, and sometimes we see immoral actions emanating from human beings, are we to understand that some of these emotions and faculties are evil in themselves? The Al-Quran has answered this question in the negative, telling us that the headwaters of human birth are not mudded, nor is sin and immoral behaviour an intrinsic part of his nature. The human being is simple and pure by nature. Its true nature is endowed with guidance and Divine inspiration; he has been created in the finest make and endowed with righteousness: We have surely created the human being in the finest make and the best proportions (with enormous capabilities for an all round advancement through the process of evolution). Then (according to Our law of cause and consequence) We degrade him to as the lowest of the low (if he does evil deeds). Different, however, is the case of those who believe and do deeds of righteousness. There awaits them a never ending reward.† (94:3-6) â€Å"Thus, the evil in the human beings is something which evolves later as a consequence of their training.† (94:5) Similarly The Holy Prophet is reported to have said, â€Å"No infant is born except with an inborn sense of natural goodness, and then his parents make him into a Jew, Christian or a Muslim.† (Sahih Bukhari). â€Å"In other words, a human being is born innocent and unblemished in his nature.† (94:4), and he does not enter this world carrying a load of original sin. Those who think that a human being is sinful by birth have erred. Similarly it is a wrong assumption that a human being is the product of some earlier life and his present birth is an outcome of some previous birth, and that he is caught up in the ramifications of his actions in some previous existence, as is believed by some. That is why in the Al-Quran there is no mention of ‘original sin’, ‘atonement’ or ‘transmigration of soul’ as these are the products of human fantasy with no evidence at all for their support. It must be understood that there is a difference of quality and quantity of natural powers in various indivi duals. There is a difference between emotional origins and practical manifestations of emotions and these differences give rise to a vast sea of moral values, and this sea has been enclosed in the small canvas of Qur’anic moral code. THE HIKMAH OF INTERCONNECTION BETWEEN IMAN IBADAH AND AKHLAK The relationship between faith and worship will result a maintained and stabilised worship that will ensure the faith in an individual’s heart thicken and stronger. Meanwhile, the relationship between worship and morality is the complete way of life in Islam as they maintain good behaviour and manners where ever they are and whatever they do, in the same time maintaining a good worship or ibadah to Allah S.W.T. by following the five pillars of Islam and also the Sunnah of our prophet Muhammad Rasulullah S.A.W. Therefore, the connection between faith, worship and morality are closely consistent and if one is lost then it is incomplete. Imagine it like a house wall as faith, pillar of a house as worship and roof as morality. If one feature is gone, the house will be incomplete or in other words will crash down. CONCLUSION Praise be to Allah S.W.T. the Most Compassionate and the Most Merciful, as the believers praise Him and may He send blessings and peace upon our prophet, Muhammad Rasulullah S.A.W. and upon all of his forefathers, his brethren of prophets and messengers, his family and his companions. Worship, faith and morality is connected to each other as they are the basis in Islam for seeking the pleasure from Allah S.W.T. Worship is all acts in our daily life regardless of its status, hidden or on the eyes of the public. Faith is to have sincere devotion to Allah S.W.T. with the heart, to testify this with the tongue, and to act on it with the body while morality or akhlak can be defined as the manners or good behaviour in our daily life. These three components are important things in the completion of an individual’s human soul need to seek pleasure from Allah S.W.T. To conclude, an individual must perform the ritualistic acts to Allah S.W.T. not only by personal means but consider to r epresent the individual’s whole life to Allah S.W.T. as well as practicing good behaviour or manners in daily life to ensure the possession of stronger faith. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Al-Quran 2. Muhammad Al-Ghazali (1991). Akhlak Seorang Muslim. Kuala Lumpur: Victory Agencie. 3. Ahmad M. Saefuddin (1984). Ibadah dalam Islam. Jakarta: Lembaga Islam untuk Penelitian Masyarakat. 4. Profesor Dr. Hamka (1982). Iman dan Amal Shaleh. Jakarta: Pustaka Panjimas. 5. Habib Ali al-Jifri (2012). The Concept of Faith in Islam. Jordan: The Royal Aal Al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought. 6. The Essence of Islam. http://www.cpsglobal.org/content/essence-islam

Quality of Work Life Essay

Quality of work life (QWL) is viewed as an alternative to the control approach of managing people. The QWL approach considers people as an ‘asset’ to the organization rather than as ‘costs’. It believes that people perform better when they are allowed to participate in managing their work and make decisions. This approach motivates people by satisfying not only their economic needs but also their social and psychological ones. To satisfy the new generation workforce, organizations need to concentrate on job designs and organization of work. Further, today’s workforce is realizing the importance of relationships and is trying to strike a balance between career and personal lives. Successful organizations support and provide facilities to their people to help them to balance the scales. In this process, organizations are coming up with new and innovative ideas to improve the quality of work and quality of work life of every individual in the organization. Various programs like flex time, alternative work schedules, compressed work weeks, telecommuting etc., are being adopted by these organizations. Technological advances further help organizations to implement these programs successfully. Organizations are enjoying the fruits of implementing QWL programs in the form of increased productivity, and an efficient, satisfied, and committed workforce which aims to achieve organizational objectives. The future work world will also have more women entrepreneurs and they will encourage and adopt QWL programs. Quality of Working Life is a term that had been used to describe the broader job-related experience an individual has. Whilst there has, for many years, been much research into job satisfaction and, more recently, an interest has arisen into the broader concepts of stress and subjective well-being, the precise nature of the relationship between these concepts has still been little explored. Stress at work is often considered in isolation, wherein it is assessed on the basis that attention to an individual’s stress management skills or the sources of stress will prove to provide a good enough basis for effective intervention. Alternatively, job satisfaction may be assessed, so that action can be taken which will enhance an individual’s performance. Somewhere in all this, there is often an awareness of the greater context, whereupon the home-work context is considered, for example, and other factors, such as an individual’s personal characteristics, and the broader economic or cultural climate, might be seen as relevant. In this context, subjective well-being is seen as drawing upon both work and non-work aspects of life. However, more complex models of an individual’s experience in the workplace often appear to be set aside in an endeavor to simplify the process of trying to measuring â€Å"stress† or some similarly apparently discrete entity. It may be, however, that the consideration of the bigger, more complex picture is essential, if targeted, effective action is to be taken to address quality of working life or any of its sub-components in such a way as to produce real ben efits, be they for the individual or the organization. Quality of working life has been differentiated from the broader concept of Quality of life. To some degree, this may be overly simplistic, as Elizur and Shye,(1990) concluded that quality of work performance is affected by Quality of Life as well as Quality of working life. However, it will be argued here that the specific attention to work-related aspects of quality of life is valid. Whilst Quality of Life has been more widely studied , Quality of working life, remains relatively unexplored and unexplained. A review of the literature reveals relatively little on quality of working life. Where quality of working life has been explored, writers differ in their views on its’ core constituents. It is argued that the whole is greater than the sum of the parts as regards Quality of working Life, and, therefore, the failure to attend to the bigger picture may lead to the failure of interventions which tackle only one aspect. A clearer understanding of the inter-relationship of the various facets of quality of working life offers the opportunity for improved analysis of cause and effect in the workplace†¦.This consideration of Quality of working Life as the greater context for various factors in the workplace, such as job satisfaction and stress, may offer opportunity for more cost-effective interventions in the workplace. The effective targeting of stress reduction, for example, may otherwise prove a hopeless task for employers pressured to take action to meet governmental requirements. Objectives of the study To study the Quality of work life of employees in Gabriel ltd, Hosur. To find out how Quality of work life leads to high satisfaction. To know the working conditions of the employees. To know how far the safety measures develops/improves the Quality of work life. To know the workers participation in the company. To examine how the Training & Development program helps to improve the individuals. To know whether the welfare activities and other benefits helps to bring a better â€Å"Quality of work life†. To suggest suitable measures to improve the quality of work life. To identify the major areas of dissatisfaction if any, and provide valuable suggestions improving the employees satisfaction in those areas. To analyze the findings and suggestion for the study. Quality of Work Life Quality of work life (QWL) is viewed as an alternative to the control approach of managing people. The QWL approach considers people as an ‘asset’ to the organization rather than as ‘costs’. It believes that people perform better when they are allowed to participate in managing their work and make decisions. This approach motivates people by satisfying not only their economic needs but also their social and psychological ones. To satisfy the new generation workforce, organizations need to concentrate on job designs and organization of work. Further, today’s workforce is realizing the importance of relationships and is trying to strike a balance between career and personal lives. Successful organizations support and provide facilities to their people to help them to balance the scales. In this process, organizations are coming up with new and innovative ideas to improve the quality of work and quality of work life of every individual in the organization. Various programs like flex time, alternative work schedules, compressed work weeks, telecommuting etc., are being adopted by these organizations. Technological advances further help organizations to implement these programs successfully. Organizations are enjoying the fruits of implementing QWL programs in the form of increased productivity, and an efficient, satisfied, and committed workforce which aims to achieve organizational objectives. The future work world will also have more women entrepreneurs and they will encourage and adopt QWL programs. Quality of Working Life is a term that had been used to describe the broader job-related experience an individual has. Whilst there has, for many years, been much research into job satisfaction and, more recently, an interest has arisen into the broader concepts of stress and subjective well-being, the precise nature of the relationship between these concepts has still been little explored. Stress at work is often considered in isolation, wherein it is assessed on the basis that attention to an individual’s stress management skills or the sources of stress will prove to provide a good enough basis for effective intervention. Alternatively, job satisfaction may be assessed, so that action can be taken which will enhance an individual’s performance. Somewhere in all this, there is often an awareness of the greater context, whereupon the home-work context is considered, for example, and other factors, such as an individual’s personal characteristics, and the broader economic or cultural climate, might be seen as relevant. In this context, subjective well-being is seen as drawing upon both work and non-work aspects of life. However, more complex models of an individual’s experience in the workplace often appear to be set aside in an endeavor to simplify the process of trying to measuring â€Å"stress† or some similarly apparently discrete entity. It may be, however, that the consideration of the bigger, more complex picture is essential, if targeted, effective action is to be taken to address quality of working life or any of its sub-components in such a way as to produce real ben efits, be they for the individual or the organization. Quality of working life has been differentiated from the broader concept of Quality of life. To some degree, this may be overly simplistic, as Elizur and Shye,(1990) concluded that quality of work performance is affected by Quality of Life as well as Quality of working life. However, it will be argued here that the specific attention to work-related aspects of quality of life is valid. Whilst Quality of Life has been more widely studied , Quality of working life, remains relatively unexplored and unexplained. A review of the literature reveals relatively little on quality of working life. Where quality of working life has been explored, writers differ in their views on its’ core constituents. It is argued that the whole is greater than the sum of the parts as regards Quality of working Life, and, therefore, the failure to attend to the bigger picture may lead to the failure of interventions which tackle only one aspect. A clearer understanding of the inter-relationship of the various facets of quality of working life offers the opportunity for improved analysis of cause and effect in the workplace†¦.This consideration of Quality of working Life as the greater context for various factors in the workplace, such as job satisfaction and stress, may offer opportunity for more cost-effective interventions in the workplace. The effective targeting of stress reduction, for example, may otherwise prove a hopeless task for employers pressured to take action to meet governmental requirements. Objectives of the study To study the Quality of work life of employees in Gabriel ltd, Hosur. To find out how Quality of work life leads to high satisfaction. To know the working conditions of the employees. To know how far the safety measures develops/improves the Quality of work life. To know the workers participation in the company. To examine how the Training & Development program helps to improve the individuals. To know whether the welfare activities and other benefits helps to bring a better â€Å"Quality of work life†. To suggest suitable measures to improve the quality of work life. To identify the major areas of dissatisfaction if any, and provide valuable suggestions improving the employees satisfaction in those areas. To analyze the findings and suggestion for the study.